The armed uprising in Lviv

   November is most often associated with the November Action (November 1, 1918) in the history of Ukraine. Meanwhile at November 1, 1848 began the another armed uprising in Lviv. It was part of the "Spring of Nations" (1848-1849) that took place then in Europe. Austrian Emperor Ferdinand I (1835-1848) has inconsistent reforms. Thus he caused dissatisfaction among the people of the empire. Under the influence of the second uprising in Vienna and murder of two soldiers began a spontaneous uprising in Lviv. In it took part not only Ukrainian, but also representatives of other nationalities (officials said that only students rebelled). General William Hammershtayn left the city, but put the gun on the hills around it and began firing it. Guns damaged the university, theater, Polytechnic Academy, City Hall and others. 55 people were killed. The uprising suppressed (up to 12 hours of November 2). In Galicia implemented a state of siege. Guilty were punished by military courts. Successor of Ferdinand I Franz Joseph II (1848-1916) was trying to consolidate his power and solve the problem by giving to people the country's constitution. He was emperor for almost 70 years.